ABSTRACT
The present study is a proposal of a questionnaire of psychosocial factors for university professors based in a standard proposed in the Mexican law that considers the International Labor Organization recommendation. The study is based on five dimensions: Work environment, factors for the activity, organization of working time, leadership and relationships and work and organizational environment. The information was collected among 300 teachers with a wide range of tenure and conditions at work in Mexico. Also, the questionnaire was developed during the pandemic of COVID-19 which affected the job this kind of professionals. We performed an exploratory factor analysis to evaluate each one of the five dimensions using questionnaires previously validated by different authors. We obtained one dimension for the work environment factor, two dimensions for the factor for the activity, one dimension for the organization of working time, three dimensions for the factor leadership and relations at work and two dimensions for the organizational environment factor. The results showed that the questionnaire is valid and can be used as a tool to improve the conditions of work at universities. We found that the dimension insecurity and leadership were the worst evaluated by university teachers. This questionnaire could be used to promote safety conditions after the sanitary emergency and to promote a healthy environment among workers. © 2023 by Cherkas Global University All rights reserved. Published in the USA
ABSTRACT
Background: Some in vitro, animal, and epidemiological data suggest that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) might be an efficacious treatment for COVID-19 Methods: In a multicenter open-label, pragmatic, randomized trial in 25 hospitals in Spain we included participants with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 detected by PCR or antigenic test, with a creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min, > 60 years or younger if they had at least 2 comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis, chronic neurologic disease, active cancer, heart failure, coronary heart disease or COPD). Participants were randomized to receive or not TDF/FTC. Randomization was stratified by age group, symptoms duration (< or ≥ 5 days) and health care setting (hospitalized, long-term care facility, ambulatory). Primary outcome was 28 days mortality. Secondary outcomes were disease progression (increased O2 requirements, need for mechanical ventilation or increase in medical therapy: steroid dose, need for tocilizumab). At any moment during the trial participants with room air O2 saturation < 95% and ≥ 1 increased inflammatory biomarker could be randomized to dexamethasone (D) or dexamethasone plus baricitinib (DB) Results: 355 participants included (TDF/FTC n=177, no TDF/FTC n=178), median age 67 years (IQR 62-73), male (64.5%), median days of symptoms 8 (IQR 5-10), 29% with < 5 days of symptoms, 96.9% hospitalized, 35.5% with 1 and 36.6 % with ≥ 2 comorbidities (62.8% hypertension, 9.3% diabetes, 1.7% obesity), median room air SaO2 95% (IQR 94-96), 63% receiving O2 and 11.8% Remdesivir. 74% of participants were simultaneously randomized to D or DB. There were not statistically significant differences in endpoints in participants not treated vs.treated with TDF/FTC: mortality 2.2%/4.0%, disease progression 23.6%/22.0%, deferred randomization to D or DB 6.7%/6.2%, mechanical ventilation (invasive or noninvasive) 22.5%/20.3%, days since randomization until discharge (median [IQR]) 7 [5,14]/6 [4,12], discharge before 28 days 91.9%/89.7%. By Cox regression Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of 28-day mortality was 1.96 (0.55-7.01) for participants treated with TDF/FTC. Serious adverse events occurred in 6.18%/5.65% of participants not treated/treated with TDF/FTC. Adverse events leading to TDF/FTC discontinuation occurred in 2.26%. Conclusion: In this clinical trial of high-risk patients with COVID-19 TDF/FTC did not improve disease outcomes. Overall mortality was unexpectedly low.
ABSTRACT
The development of construction processes is one of the main causes that generates the emission of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases (GHG), which cause serious consequences for the planet and in turn socioeconomic problems reflected in human health, food security, migrations, financial impacts among others. For this reason, it is very important to create indicators that provide information on the amount of Ton-CO2 generated in construction processes in general and especially, now that many of these processes have stopped as a result of the Covid-19 health emergency. Therefore, the present work seeks to describe how the construction processes are carried out and the Carbon Dioxide emissions that influence the socio-economic results of Mexico, especially during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The authors who support the theoretical aspects of this research are: Hepburn & Stern (2008);Moreno Sanchez and Urbina Soria (2008), Magrin, et al, (2007), among others. The methodology applied is descriptive, documentary in nature, taking the "Cantabria" subdivision of Ciudad Obregon de Mexico as the study population. Where it was possible to determine among the results that the amount of carbon dioxide that is produced during the construction of a fractionation is equivalent to a total of 10.5 TonCO2 / m2 under normal conditions, however, with the pandemic this amount of gases decreased considerably, given the paralysis of many economic activities including construction. With which it is recommended to identify the materials that cause the generation of these gases and through public policies establish control measures for the construction sector on the use of these polluting materials in order to minimize the emission of GHG to the environment..